FISH CULTURE

FISH diseases A. pest Predator - Mystus nemurus - Clarias batrachus - Lates calcarifer - Megalops cyprinoids - Other Animal Competitor - Tilapia mossambica Robber B. parasiter Virus - Epithelioma papulasum - Herpesvirus - Lymphocystis Bakteria - Aeromonas sp. - Flexibacter columnaris - Pseudomonas flourescens - Myxobacterium sp. - Edwardsiella tarda - Aeromonas salmonicida - Vibriosis Mikroorganism (fungus) - Saprolegnia sp. - Branchiomyces sp. Protozoa - Ichthyophthirius multifiliis - Myxobolus sp. - Trichodina spp. - Costia spp. Trematoda - Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus - Sanguinicola inermis Copepoda - Argulus sp. - Lernea cyprinaceae C. NON PARASITER - Circles - Food - Generation

PRINCIPLES OF POND FISH CULTURE 1. Fish are dependent for food directly or indirectly on plants. 2. The weight of fish which can be produced in natural waters is dependent upon the ability of the water to raise the plants. We could increase production by adding plant organic matter produced elsewhere. 3. The ability of water to produce plants is dependent upon sunshine, temperature, CO2, Mineral from soil or rocks, nitrogen (NO3- and NH4-) , O2 and water. 4. The Natural fertility of the water is dependent on the fertility of the soil in pond bottom and watershed. 5. Fertlity of water can be increased by adding inorganic fertilizers. 6. After adding all essential minerals and all available nitrogen, the next limiting factor is CO2. This compound can be increased by adding organic matter followed by liming (Ca, Mg). 7. The next limiting factor in fish production, after mineral and CO2 are provided, is oxygen demand of all living and dead organisms in the water. This can be supplied by ru