FISH CULTURE

Fish Disease: vibriosis in shrimp Cause: Vibrio harveyii, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus. etc.. Bio - Ecology Pathogens • vibriosis in shrimp larvae commonly as secondary infection, especially when under stress and weak. • Bacterial infections are usually associated with stress conditions due to: high density, malnutrition, poor handling. parasitic infections, high organic matter, low oxygen. poor water quality. extreme fluctuations in water temperature. etc.. • The attack is acute, and if environmental conditions continue to decline, which caused the death can reach 100%. particularly in post-larvae or juvenile stage. Clinical symptoms: • Body of shrimp look dull and dirty. • decreased appetite, damage to the legs and gills, gill or brownish color. • Types of Vibrio spp. which generally attacks the larvae glow shrimp and prawn disease disease called glow (luminescent vibriosis). • Shrimp affected showed symptoms of necrosis, the condition of the body is weak, slow swim, appetit...

fish disease: vibriosis in fish Cause: Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. ordalii, etc.. Bio - Ecology Pathogens • Bacteria in sea water ecosystems, and vibirosis still is a major problem for marine fish farming industry. • The case of vibriosis can occur throughout the year, but commonly associated with stress due to handling, high density or changes in extreme weather. • The death rate of fish at the larval stage up to the size fingerlings are attacked by the bacteria may reach 80-90%. Clinical Symptoms: • Weak, loss of appetite, swim in the water surface, and opaque color. • Inflammation of the rectum, gills, mouth, base of fin, followed by bleeding and blisters on the surface of the body, as well as open wounds. • In advanced infection of bleeding in the mouth and base of fins, excess mucus in the gills, dropsy, pale liver color. and eyes swollen. Diagnosis • Isolation and identification of bacteria through a bio-chemical tests Control: • Disinfection of a...

Fish Disease: Edwarsiellosis Cause: Edwarsiella tarda Bio-Ecology Pathogens: • curved rod-shaped bacteria, gram-negative character moves with the aid of flagella, do not form spores or capsules, are facultative anaerobes, and able to produce H2S. • Found in freshwater environments and sea water, infecting several species of fish include: salmon, catfish, carp, tilapia. etc.. • Transmission of horizontally ie contact between host one with another host or through water. • Generally occurs at a relatively high water temperature (± 30 degrees Celsius) and high organic matter content. • The death rate depends on environmental conditions, in very poor conditions can lead to death by 50%. Clinical Symptoms: • In mild infections, revealing only minor injuries. • As the development of more advanced disease, purulent wound developed in the ribs and stomach muscles. • Pale, bloated stomach containing a yellowish liquid or redness, bleeding of the rectum and / or depressed into the anus, and eyes ...

Seaweed and Grouper, Mainstay Aquaculture Maluku Province Maluku provincial aquaculture production in 2009 reached 50,915 tons from mariculture, aquaculture and freshwater aquaculture. Seaweed, grouper, sea cucumbers and shrimp are aquaculture commodities Maluku province. In 2009, the four commodities, production amounted to 47,782.6 tons, 1810.7 tons, 522.4 tons and 166.3 tons. In addition, the Moluccas are also famous for pearl cultivation which have. When viewed under cultivation commodities then seen that the Moluccas potential for marine aquaculture development, especially for seaweed, grouper and oysters with pearls. It is the province of Maluku is potential for the development of the three commodities. Judging from the structure of the region, this province is an island province and the province is surrounded by a sea that is still awake. Province which is located at position 2? 30? 9? south latitude and 124? - 136? east longitude, the lurid sea borders in the north, the seas of...

Bacterial Fin / Tail Rot / Pseudomoniasis Cause: Pseudomonas spp. BioEkologi Pathogens: • It is a gram-negative bacteria and non-spore. These bacteria are aerobic. with a size of 3 um x 0.5 um, motile, producing fluorescent pigment. and breed in soil and water. • Hazardous mainly on freshwater fish (although it also can attack sea fish and brackish) and can result in high mortality due to infectious disease in quick time when water conditions allow. • Transmission and spread of disease through direct contact with fish that are sick or with the polluted environment. • The attacks can occur when fish are vulnerable or weakened by hunger. the feed is not suitable. cold, or water conditions are not good. Clinical Symptoms • Fish weak to move slowly. breathe gasping at the surface of the water. • Color pale gills and a dark body color change. • There are patches of red on the outside of his body and damage to the fins, gills and skin • excessive mucus at first, then emerged bleeding • fin a...

Streptococciasis Disease Cause: Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, Bio - Ecology of pathogens: • gram-positive bacteria, small round (cocci), joined chain-like, non-motile, transparent and smooth colonies. • Streptococcus iniae Infection often occurs in sea water fish farming (snapper, grouper), whereas S. agalactiae is more commonly found in freshwater fish farming (tilapia). • The pattern of attacks are generally two types of bacteria are chronic - acute. • Target organs of infection of Streptococcus spp. commonly found in the brain and eyes. so-called "syndrome, meningoencephalitis and panophthalmitis". The disease is frequently reported in intensive aquaculture systems, aquatic environment calm (stagnant) and / or recirculation systems, • Cumulatively, the attack of this disease can cause mortality of 30-100% of the total population during the maintenance period: and this disease is a potential obstacle that must be anticipated with respect to intensification and i...

Columnaris Disease Cause: Flavobacterium columnare or Fexibacterium columnare Bio-Ecology of pathogens: • Bacteria gram negative, small rod-shaped, movable slide, and there in freshwater ecosystems. • The nature of these bacteria are grouped to form a collection such as the column. • The attacks often occur in groups of fish after transportation. • The nature of the attacks are generally sub-acute - acute, when the dominant gill as a target organ, the fish will suffocate and the resulting deaths could reach 100%. Clinical symptoms: • sores around the mouth, head, body or fins. Brownish white sores then develop into ulcers. • infection around the mouth, looks like the lining of yarn (thread-like) so it is often called the disease "mouth fungus". • All around the wound is covered by the bright yellow pigment. • If the infected gills, damage starts from the tip of the gill filaments and spread to the base, filaments eventually rot and fall out (gill rot). Diagnosis: • Observatio...