FISH CULTURE

VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS CONTAINING SUBSTANCE DYES The use of dyes as additives in foods aimed at giving the impression of attractive , uniform color and improve fishing . Dyes there are 3 ( three ), namely : natural dyes, which is identical with natural dyes and synthetic dyes . Dyes commonly used in fishery products are synthetic dyes such as Rhodamin B , Wantex , ponceau 3 R and c mettanyl yellow which actually used to dye textiles and paints . These dyes are not allowed for human consumption ( No. Permenkes . 239 of 1985 ) because they contain heavy metals and are thought to cause cancer . The dye is banned : Rhodamin B , c methanyl yellow , orange RN , erythrosine , tatrazine , yellow FCF , Brilliant Blue , Ponceau 4 R , etc. . The dye is allowed: Auromino etc. . Dye substances on health effects : When consuming products containing banned dye which can lead to: - Bladder...

requirements in the cultivation of freshwater fish In cultivating fish in the pool or pond there are some requirements that need to be known, including among others : 1. Water Sources In the selection of places to fish farming need to pay attention to water resources . These water sources must be sufficient and adequate . These water sources can come from rivers , irrigation flow , as well as springs. water source available throughout the year as far as possible with adequate discharge . one example in a goldfish requires a water supply with a debit 10-16 liters / sec / ha . 2. Soil type and slope in building a pool should pay attention to soil type and slope . ponds are built should have a clay type of soil or sandy loam (sandy clay ) so it is not porous . The slope of the land used for fish culture should have a slope of 50-10 degrees and water conditions will thus facilitate the drainage of wat...

Shrimp Disease: Disease Yellowhead Cause: Yellow Head Virus (YHD), corona-like RNA virus (genus Okavirus, family Ronaviridae and the order Nidovirales) Bio - Ecology of Pathogens: • Krustase sensitive to infection with this virus include: Penaeus monodon, P. merguensis, P. semisulcatus, Metapenaeus ensis, Litopenaeus vannamei, etc.. • Shrimp black tiger shrimp is a very sensitive species, in acute cases can result in the death of up to 100% within 3.5 days since the first clinical symptoms appear. • Transmission occurs horizontally through the water shrimp or cannibalism to feed a sick or infected. • Post larvae (PL) shrimp aged <15 days relative resisters against infection with this virus compared with 20-25 days old PL or juveniles. • The molecular (DNA sequencing) from products of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of yellow head virus have similarities to the gill-associated virus (Gav), although different species or strains. Clinical Sympto...

Macrobranchium White Tail Disease (Disease White Tail On Shrimp Galah) Cause: Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) Bio - Ecology of Pathogens: • Host disease that is highly species specific prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) • Malignancy: high, within 2-3 days off 100% of the population in the seed. • Through the artificial infection in OT, clinical symptoms and mortality that occurs with natural infection, whereas the adult shrimp, followed by the emergence of the soft sepalotorak structure of two fluid-filled pouch bulging on either side of hepatopancreas. • Clinical symptoms of the same, resembling branchiostegite blister disease (BBD) followed by the deaths reported occurred in pond rearing prawns. • Distribution: India and Southeast Asia (Thailand). Clinical symptoms • Weak, anorexia and abdominal muscles in white on the OT. • The condition was gradually extended to the two sides resulting in degeneration of telson and uropod. • T...

Fish Disease: vibriosis in shrimp Cause: Vibrio harveyii, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus. etc.. Bio - Ecology Pathogens • vibriosis in shrimp larvae commonly as secondary infection, especially when under stress and weak. • Bacterial infections are usually associated with stress conditions due to: high density, malnutrition, poor handling. parasitic infections, high organic matter, low oxygen. poor water quality. extreme fluctuations in water temperature. etc.. • The attack is acute, and if environmental conditions continue to decline, which caused the death can reach 100%. particularly in post-larvae or juvenile stage. Clinical symptoms: • Body of shrimp look dull and dirty. • decreased appetite, damage to the legs and gills, gill or brownish color. • Types of Vibrio spp. which generally attacks the larvae glow shrimp and prawn disease disease called glow (luminescent vibriosis). • Shrimp affected showed symptoms of necrosis, the condition of the body is weak, slow swim, appetit...

fish disease: vibriosis in fish Cause: Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. ordalii, etc.. Bio - Ecology Pathogens • Bacteria in sea water ecosystems, and vibirosis still is a major problem for marine fish farming industry. • The case of vibriosis can occur throughout the year, but commonly associated with stress due to handling, high density or changes in extreme weather. • The death rate of fish at the larval stage up to the size fingerlings are attacked by the bacteria may reach 80-90%. Clinical Symptoms: • Weak, loss of appetite, swim in the water surface, and opaque color. • Inflammation of the rectum, gills, mouth, base of fin, followed by bleeding and blisters on the surface of the body, as well as open wounds. • In advanced infection of bleeding in the mouth and base of fins, excess mucus in the gills, dropsy, pale liver color. and eyes swollen. Diagnosis • Isolation and identification of bacteria through a bio-chemical tests Control: • Disinfection of a...

Fish Disease: Edwarsiellosis Cause: Edwarsiella tarda Bio-Ecology Pathogens: • curved rod-shaped bacteria, gram-negative character moves with the aid of flagella, do not form spores or capsules, are facultative anaerobes, and able to produce H2S. • Found in freshwater environments and sea water, infecting several species of fish include: salmon, catfish, carp, tilapia. etc.. • Transmission of horizontally ie contact between host one with another host or through water. • Generally occurs at a relatively high water temperature (± 30 degrees Celsius) and high organic matter content. • The death rate depends on environmental conditions, in very poor conditions can lead to death by 50%. Clinical Symptoms: • In mild infections, revealing only minor injuries. • As the development of more advanced disease, purulent wound developed in the ribs and stomach muscles. • Pale, bloated stomach containing a yellowish liquid or redness, bleeding of the rectum and / or depressed into the anus, and eyes ...