FISH CULTURE

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Ornamental fish LIVE BEARER 1. INTRODUCTION Ornamental fish well known by the community as a garnish Aquarium. The development of ornamental fish in Indonesia continues to progress increased, especially fresh water ornamental fish native Indonesia. From the many types of ornamental fish, not everything has to be cultivated. In the breed ornamental fish should note that each species has a characteristic and living habits that vary, for example, in the way of spawning, laying or preparing the nest. How to breed ornamental fish, there are several types: 1) ornamental fish that litter. 2) ornamental fish that are spawning. 3) ornamental fish that lay eggs on a subtrat. 4) ornamental fish that hatch eggs in the nest foam. 5) The fish eggs which hatch in the mouth. In writing this will be discussed on ways of ornamental fish The bear (live bearer), for example: 1) Fish Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata Guppy) 2) Fish Molly (Poelicia latipinna Sailfin Sanchiago) 3) Fish Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus

Super Red arwana Characteristics arwana super red scales, which is located on a red light and emit yellow on the body. Limit clear that the scales (ring), there is at the head and back. Edge of the fin reddish color. Circle the scales yellowish red to bright red. Red lips. Arwana this type, there are many on the island of Borneo, living in the river or lake that calm and do not have. Arwana SUPER RED. Many are in Kalimantan island, live in rivers and lakes are calm and do not have source: AgromediaPustaka, 2008

TOTAL feeding Windu Shrimp. The amount of the feed for maintenance is calculated based on the sampling results. To facilitate hitungannya calculated, the amount of feed given to the following provisions: 1. Shrimp stadia zoea, with the amount of 1.5 ppm + feed plankton. 2. Mysis shrimp stadia, namely the amount of 1 ppm feed. 3. Shrimp post flyblow stadia, namely the amount of 1 ppm feed + nauplii Artemia. 4. Shrimp the size of PL 20 - 5 grams, namely the amount of 25% - 50% of total body weight per day. 5. Shrimp size 6 - 10 grams, namely the amount of 15% - 25% of total body weight per day. 6. Shrimp size from 11 to 15 grams, namely the amount of 8% - 15% of total body weight per day. 7. Shrimp with 20-30 grams of weight, namely the amount of 4% - 8% of total body weight per day. In addition to accuracy in the amount of feed given frequency also develop an important role in the effectiveness of the use of feed. All this of course should be tailored to the biological nature of shrimp

SCHEDULE feeding Shrimp. Feeding schedule also determine the success of the cultivation of shrimp. As in other organisms, shrimp, also have behavior and habit of eating its own. From experience it is known that shrimp is the active animals that eat at night, because the percentage of the feed at night more than the day (when the maximum intensity of the sun). The food at the intensity of the sun is the minimum amount of 60% of the total feed for 24 hours. Thus, the efficiency of feed given is expected to be more secure. Time feeding shrimp and young adults are also different. Shrimp have metabolik adult rate and speed of eating more shrimp than young. Food that is given should be sufficient in number. The amount of feed required for optimal growth for each of stadia shrimp. Therefore, it is expected that with adequate supplies of feed quality and quantity, shrimp will be able to survive until harvest time. The food is set and adjusted with a production target will be achieved. Convers

HOW feeding shrimp Terms of the absolute to fulfill the feeding is a good evenly, in the sense that can be cultivated so that one individual shrimp feed to obtain the same with other individuals, so that expected by feeding evenly, growth will be uniform. With natural selection, in line with the length of time maintenance, shrimp, the weak will experience death and shrimp that have a resistance standard will be able to "death to all infidels' and grow well. How the feed is evenly can avoid the occurrence of competition in the food. If the competition can be avoided, then the nature of cannibalism will be more manageable. Competitive conditions and cannibalism will be more sharply and the size of shrimp when glaring vary. Shrimp have a great ability and the size of the mouth larger than shrimp, prawn, so get more food and grow more rapidly, the shrimp grow increasingly hampered due to get less feed. source: Ir. Sri Umiyati Sumeru Dra. Suzy Anna

Determination of Water In general, the determination of the water is done with the sap of the oven temperature at 105 - 110 ° C for 3 hours or until a constant weight was obtained. Difference in weight before and after drying is the number of water evaporated. For material that is not heat-resistant heating is done in vacuum oven with a temperature lower. Sometimes the drying is done without heating, the material included in the eksikator with H4 SO2 dense as the dryer to achieve a constant weight. Determination of water content of the material that their water content and contain the compound easily evaporate (volatile) destilasi use with a specific solvent such as toluen xylol and the BD-Heptara it is lower than the water. Example (sample) tube inserted in the ball (flask) and then heated. Solvent and water vapor, and diembunkan fall on the tube aufhauser scale. Water that has BD greater in the bottom, so that the amount of evaporated water that can be seen on the scale aufhauser the

Fat Analysis. Some chemical test has been conducted to identify the fat, namely with some of the test well with the way: a. Numbers Reichert Meisel (BRM. BRM 0.1 N is the number of basa, which is required every five grams of fat to neutralize acids, which easily vaporize fat in the destilasi, namely acid fat C4 and C6 (Butirat and kaproat). b. Numbers Polenske This number determines the rate of fatty acid that volatil but not soluble in water, the fatty acid C8 to C14. Procedures, such as in the example below: c. Kirschner New Numbers (New Kirshner Value = NKV) BKB (NKV) adalahjumlah basa 0.1 ml of N, which is required every five grams of fat / oil fatty acid to neutralize the salt-volatil salt peraknya lamt mixture of ethanol in the water. d. Numbers Penyabunan (BP) BP adalahjumlah mg KOH needed to menyabunkan 1 gram of fat. To counteract 1 Molecular gliserida required 3 molecular alkali. e. Numbers Hehner Hehner number used to determine the amount of fatty acid that is not solub

ANALYSIS FOOD PRAWN. There are some aspect able to be used for the analysis of prawn food, that is : Chemically, Physics and Biology. A. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 1. Analysis Carbohydrate. Analysis Carbohydrate can be [done/conducted] qualitative and is quantitative, that is pursuant to nature of specific chemical reaction and sakarida. Analysis Qualitative. Carbohydrate if/when reacted with condensation of naftol in alcohol, [is] later;then enhanced [by] condensed H2So4 neglectlessly, [at] its dilution boundary will be formed [by] purple berwama furfural. This reaction [is] recognized with reaction of Molisch representing reaction of public of carbohydrate. Other some ways for the analysis of carbohydrate [is] by is assorted [of] examination, like : - Test of Antron. 0,2 condensation ml follow the example of in tube reaction of enhanced [by] condensation of antron ( 0,2 % in condensed H2So4). Incidence [of] rather blue green or green colour designate the existence of carbohydrate in example [

Analysis Protein a. Quantitative Analysis - Way of Kjeldahl. Way of this used to analyse harsh protein rate in food-stuff indirectly, that is multiplying result of analysis with number convert 6,25 will be obtained [by] protein value in food-stuff. Number 6,25 coming from serum conversion of albumin which usually contain 16 % nitrogen. Principal [is] way of analysis of Kjeldahl shall be as follows: originally materials of dektrusi with condensed sulphate acid use oksikhlorida selenium katalis or item of Zn. Amonia [is] that happened accomodated and titration constructively indicator. Way of Kjeldahl generally can be differentiated to the two way of that is way of macro and macro half. Way of is macro [of] Kjeldahl used for example [of] which is difficult [of] dihomogenisasi and is big [of] example [of] 1 - 3 gr, while flourishing is macro [of] Kjeldahl designed for pocket edition example [of] that is less than 300 mg of homogeneous materials. Way of the analysis will prosper w

FOOD MADE IN PRAWN. Food made in representing a[n alternative which its [his/its] continuously enable and can be used as [by] substitution or complement of life food. However making in reality commercially for prawn to have price which relative high enough, because most still imported. Even though there [is] still the way of able to be [done/conducted] to make prawn food simply and is cheap. Thereby besides can take benefit because using home made food also can depress operating expenses. Follow the example of the specification of requirement of nutrisi for the food of materials source and prawn, as described like [at] Tables 5. TECHNIQUE MAKING OF FOOD LARVA. Pursuant to its making technique, food for the larva of prawn can be made in the form of dry and wet. Advantage of food in form of wet [is] - Can be made with simple equipments - By biologis prawn prefer soft food than dry - Warm-Up and draining can avoid, so that can prevent losing of nutrient in food. Its loss [is] - Easy to de

READY [of] NAUPLII ARTEMIA PRAWN. Requirement of Artemia as food live to prawn larva pasca represent conditions which is [is] absolute to be provided, because till now domicile Artemia not yet earned to be replaced with is other. reserved for [by] Cyst [is] the food require to be incubated beforehand. As for quality of hatch of cyst can be seen from various assessment, that is : - Hatching Efficiency ( HE) that is to the number of nauplii hatching from 1 gram of cyst Artemia - Hatching Percentage ( H %) [is] the amount of nauplii hatching to be compared to the amount of used cyst - T0 : needed Incubation period happened hatch of first nauplii - T90 : needed Incubation period till reach 90 % hatch. In practice, ready [of] food live Artemia have to [pass/through] process of dekapsulasi beforehand, because will be obtained [by] some advantage, that is - Needn'T the existence of dissociation of nauplius from covering, because cyst chorion have been eliminated - content of Energi higher

NATURAL FOOD FOR THE PRAWN. Natural Food represent indispensablelity need its levying for the food of prawn larva. Although many plankton type able to be used as [by] prawn larva food, but for good natural food [of] hams fulfill some conditions, that is - Having size measure and form matching with prawn larva mouth - its Obstetrical [of] high him - solid Cell content and have flimsy cell wall, so that [is] easy to permeated - Quickly multiply and have tolerance which high enough to change of environmental factor - [Do] not [release] poisonous compound - Movement of it is not overactive, so that [is] easy to arrested by prawn larva. To take care of the availibility of natural food for the larva of prawn, hence require to be [done/conducted] [by] natural food culture which with quality and optimal amount. Some plankton type which [is] often used for the food of prawn [is] Skeletonema Costatum, Tetraselmis Chilii, Chaetoceros Calcitrans, Brachionus Plicatilis and of Artemia Sp. TECHNIQUE

FAT. Fat required as source of energi. Existence of fat have important role also for growth and continuity of life, especially some sour type [of] fat very is having an in with [of] life of prawn. Sour [of] fat also function to dissolve vitamin. Sour composition [of] fat exist in prawn very hand in glove its [relation/link] with fat which implied in given food. One fat gram can yield 9 kkal per gram while protein and carbohydrate only yielding 4 kkal per gram. Special to territorial water organism, fat play a part in to minimize beratjenis, so that organism can float [in] water. Some researcher report that given food fat rate and source have real influence to body fat rate. According to Sick and of Andrews ( 1973), given [by] prawn [is] food without fat have body fat rate 4,93 % from dry weight. While [at] food which is the each given [by] fat coming from 10 % ox fat, 10 % corn oil and 10 % linseed, causing each prawn body fat rate become 7,27 %, 7,82 % and 8,58 %. Matter this means re

HABIT EAT PRAWN of WINDU ( Penaeus Monodon) . [In] nature, prawn of windu ordinary eat various type of Crustacea big, Brachyura, vegetation objects, Polychaeta, Mollusca, small fishs and limited small Crustacea in number. While looked after prawn [in] fishpond eating many Copepoda. Although prawn of penaid represent omnivorous animal ( Omnivora), however in general prawn represent predator to invertebrata which [is] movement of tardy [it]. Result of inspection to prawn innards;bowels of windu looked after [in] fishpond indicate that its food consist of type plankton of Lyngbya sp, Spirulina, Skeletonema and from type of zooplankton that is Brachionus sp ( Ranoemihardjo, 1980). Even though, situation of place environment live prawn will have an effect on to eaten food type. In effort conservancy of prawn, given food besides have to have the quality of which its [of] him have to enough, because lacking of food will be more quicken death of animal which [is] conducting. Till now Artemia n

CONDITIONS OF NUTRISI TO PRAWN of WINDU. Source of nutrisi ( gizi) [is] generally classified to become five category, that is: protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin. To support growth and continuity of its life, prawn require nutrisi which qualitative and also quantitative fulfill conditions as according to requirement of prawn. the Iihat vitamins have to stay in food which physiologically function as source of regulator Iihat vitamin of[is continuity of life. PROTEIN AND ACID of AMINO ESENSIAL. Protein represent organic compound [of] complex, lapped over to the many acid of amino pregnant [of] elements of C, H, O and of N which [do] not have by carbohydrate or fat. pregnant Protein molecule also sulphur and phospor. Protein of vital importance to body, because this Iihat vitamin have function as materialss in body and also as constructor Iihat vitamin and regulator. As constructor Iihat vitamin, functioning protein in forming new network and maintain network which have there

CONDITIONS OF BIOLOGIS AND HABIT EAT PRAWN of WINDU. A. CONDITIONS OF BIOLOGIS. Prawn of Windu ( Penaeus Monodon) included in Penaidae familia. Sub of Ordo Natantia, Ordo Decapoda and of Klas Crustacea. This Group [of] life [in] territorial water base / bentik, frown upon light and hide [in] mud in the day time. Have the character of cannibal, especially in a state of peckish and [there] no available food, having ammonia ekskresi which high enough and for growth needed to change husk ( moulting). Some environmental factor which influence the continuity of life and growth of prawn shall be as follows : 1. Temperature. Prawn require temperature gyration [among/between] 25 till 32°C [so that/ to be] earning life and grow normally. Temperature territorial water excelsior, fast excelsior [of] metabolism in prawn body. This condition will make balance to at the height of accelerateing food consumption. If/When temperature increasing, prawn of stres and will [release] abundant mucus. On the c

Area Come [from] and Spreading Of Fish of Betutu. Fish of Betutu anticipated [by] original fish [of] Indonesia coming from island of Kalimantan. But, whereas people there [is] also having a notion that fish of betutu come from Sumatra because since long time there [are] over there, even become Sub-Province Roof-Gutter mascot of Betutu. Considering the name of betutu become single name [in] island, hence fish of betutu anticipated to come from Sumatra. While [in] this Kalimantan fish [is] named [by] fish of bakut fish or of bakukut meaning to be kept quiet. [In] town of Pontianak, this fish [of] stupid fish bemama or fish of goblog because in character which [is] always kept quiet. This fish only moving if/when peckish and if (there are) any prey which [is] coincidence pass in front of him. If/When have is fully filled, just [to] this fish will be be kept quiet it though see prey which have been mastered to be to be grabbed by other fish. fish of Betutu in this time have met many [in]

ANTECEDENT. Our Nation ( Indonesia ) very is requiring [is] source of protein to become a[n smart and healthy nation. fish of Mempakan one of [the] source of gilt edged protein. pregnant Fish mean flesh [of] protein ( 9 - 22 %), fat ( 0,1 - 20 %), mineral ( 1 - 3 %), vitamin, lecithin, guanin, and a little a few/little cholesterol. A. the Target of and Target Development Of Sub-Sektor Fishery. Imposingly territorial water and abundance its[his] various fish type in Indonesia, hence government of cymbal or expect that requirement of Indonesian nation protein can fulfill from fishery sub-sektor. Thereby, target of and target development of sub - fishery sector, beside improve foreign exchange to state, is to improve prosperity of people with target [so that/ to be] goals every body Indonesia can consume fish ± 25 singk / people / tired year. If/When the goals can reach, hence Indonesian nation surely will become smart and healthy nation. B. Potency Fishery of Freshwater. Development of f

RECOGNITION OF DECORATIVE TYPE FISH ( DISKUS, SEVERUM, RAINBOW, NIASA ANTECEDENT। In order to improving earnings of society of DKI Jakarta specially farmer of fish / fisherman have been gone through [by] various means among others exploit lawn farm with effort conservancy of decorative fish। Amount of decorative fish specially decorative fish [of] hard freshwater earn conducting in Indonesia there [is] 91 type। From to 91 fish type, there are some very potential the decorative fish type to be developed [by] because besides can be marketed in country also can represent commodity of eksport। the potential decorative Fish types for example fish of Diskus, Severum, Rainbow, and Niasa। To be more recognize the fish type [at] Chapter hereinafter of dikemukanan of[is nature of from fishs 2. DECORATIVE TYPE FISH 1) Diskus. Decorative Fish [of] Diskus ( Symhysodonodiscus) represent one of [the] decorative fish type [of] freshwater coming from Amazon river ( Brasil). the Type Fish have good econ

CONDUCTING FISH of MANFISH., Morphology and Habit Of Fish of Manfis. Manfish or which [is] recognized also with term ' Fish Angel' coming from territorial water of Amazon, South America. Manfish ( Pterophyllum Scalare ) pertained into set of relatives of Cichlidae, having marking of morfologis the following habit and: " Owning type and colour which vary " Form flimsy body, with body like dart " Stomach fin and its back fin unfold wide up at tail, so that see as bow which [is] transparent dark chromatic " [At] part of its chest there are two fin which [is] length pendant to part of tail " Taking care of and protecting its clan " Have the character of omnivorously " Pertained easy to accept various food type in so many source and form. Some fish type of Manfish recognized and have expanded in Indonesia for example [is]: Diamond ( Berlian ), Imperial, Marble and of Black-White. Diamond ( Berlian ) silver chromatic gleam until dusty green. [At] p

Mineral function [at] food to fish. Mineral Iihat vitamins required by fish for example calcium ( Ca), phosphorus ( P), and natrium of klor ( in compound of Naci), manganese ( Mn), ferrum ( Fe), copper ( Cu), iodine ( I), and cobalt ( Co). [Is] the same as with vitamin, mineral very required by fish in number which [do] not too big. Calcium ( Ca) and phosphorus ( P) needed to forming of bone / growth and to take care of body network function can work normally. Chloride Natrium ( Nacl) have an effect on in growth, but suggested [by] its usage [do] not too much. Iron ( Fe) required for the forming of red corpuscle, while copper ( Cu) assist in usage of iron by body. Iodine ( [Is] i) needed to making of tiroksin ( hormone of timid) and manganese ( Mn) have an effect on in course of ovulasi/ reproduction. source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan, M.M, 2001

Vitamin. Vitamin needed in number which relative a few/little, especially to keep in good health and growth of fish body. Evaluated from nature of its physical, vitamin can be divided into two faction that is dissolve vitamin in dissolve vitamin and water in fat. dissolve vitamin in water for example tiamin ( vitamin of B), riboflavin ( vitamin of B2), sour [of] pantotenat ( vitamin of B6), biotin, and kobalamin ( vitamin of B 2), and others. dissolve vitamin in fat for example retinol ( vitamin of A), or kolekalsiferol of ergokalsiferol ( vitamin of D), alpha of tokoferol ( vitamin of E), and menadion ', vitamin of K). Vitamin of B1 B6, and functioning B12 to support growth and also can stimulate passion eat, while vitamin of B2 play a part in growth and transfer of food Iihat vitamins ( like carbohydrate, fat, and protein) of cells in fish body and also for the process of reproduction. Vitamin of A functioning to support health of eye, while vitamin of D required for the process

Carbohydrate. Carbohydrate represent the source of energi and in general come from flora which [is] forming of [him/ it] [pass/through] photosynthesis process constructively sunshine. In food formulasi, carbohydrate of[is including group which [is] often referred [as] [by] NFE (" nitrogen of free extract) or in Indonesian term of BETN ( extract materials without nitrogen). This BETN contain karbohidrat,gula, extract, and most of classified [by] Iihat vitamins [is] hemiselulosa in food-stuff. Assess BETN obtained from number quantifying of protein, fat, dusty, harsh fibre, and water lessened [by] 100. source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M

Role of Fat to making of food made in. Functioning fat as source of energi and assist absorbtion of certain minerals ( especially calcium) and also vitamin. dissolve vitamin in fat ( vitamin of A, D, E, K). In relation to food made in usefulness of fat have an effect on to feeling and food tekstur which [is] dibuat.oleh in consequence fat also have role in course of metabolism and growth of fish. fat of Esensial required by fish also in the form of sour types [of] unsatiated fat, for example acid of linoleic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenoleat), sour [of] linolenic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenolenat), and arachidonic ( more knowledgeable with arakidonat). Fat pertained [is] easy to oxidized so that its use in making of food made in its amount [is] limited. If used fat content too high frequently by maker [party/ side] enhanced with materials of antioksidan to pursue the happening of oxidation process. source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M

Protein. Protein represent top-drawer element in compilation of food formulasi because effort conducting expect growth of fish which quickly. In this case, protein have three function to body that is a) as constructor which forming various new network for growth, to changing damage network, and also reproduction, b) as regulator which play a part in forming of custodian hormone and enzyme and regulator various metabolism process in fish body, c) as burner because carbon element which consist in in it can be functioned as source of energi at the (time) of requirement of energi [do] not fufilled by fat and carbohydrate. Protein molecule lapped over from a number of acid of amino upon which base. Quality of protein very determined by sour composition [of] its compiler amino. This composition will differ [among/between] one materials with other materials. From [about/around] twenty sour type [of] amino exist in nature, ten among others represent acid of amino which [is] esensial which cann

IMPORTANT MEANING [of] FOOD TO FISH. AVAILIBILITY OF FOOD IN NUMBER which enough is, timely, and valuable [of] good gizi represent one of [the] very important factor in fish conducting business activity. Ready [of] food which disagree with amount of looked after fish cause fish growth rate become tardyly. As a result yielded production disagree with which [is] expected. Basically, source of food to conservancy fish,. coming from natural food and food made in. Because of amount of natural food in pool / territorial water very limited and less adequate ( especially for the activity of fish conducting intensively and also semiintensi) hence [so that/ to be] reached [by] fish growth rate, good require to be given [by] side dish or food made in as according to requirement of fish. If good fish growth rate hence conservancy time become briefer so that pool productivity / territorial water also mount because period produce looked after fish become shorterly. Problems which often become constr

Study of quality water. Water [is] all water which there are [in] nature and or come from source of water, and there are, above surface of land;ground, [do] not the included in this congeniality [is] water which there are subsurface and sea water. quality of Water. [is] the nature of life being content and water, energi, or other component in water. Quality of water expressed with a few parameter of[is quality of water covering physics parameter like temperature, turbidity, dissolve density, etcetera. Chemical parameter which include;cover pH, dissolve oxygen, BOD, metals rate and others; biological parameter cover existence of bacterium plankton and its. Contamination of Water. [is] entry of or including of life being, energi, and or other component into water by activity of human being, so that the quality of water get down to to certain storey;level which cause water [do] not function again according to allotment of [him/ it]. source of : Hefni Effendie, 1999.

OPERATION OF DISEASE of[is NON PARASITER. A. ENVIRONMENT. Deplesi ( insuffiency ) oxygen represent one of [the] environmental factor which often become cause losing of fish, especially [in] pool which containing many organic materials. Influence lacking of oxygen to losing of fish [in] pool earn happened directly and also indirectly. At the (time) of oxygen content in very low water, most existing fish will die, except some species capable to take direct oxygen from the air. Indirectly, lacking of oxygen can cause fish become stres so that [is] easy to attacked by organism cause of disease. To overcome the the loss require to study to [regarding/ hit] factors influencing oxygen deplesi. Primary factor influencing oxygen concentration [in] pool [is] fotosintesa, oxygen diffusion and respirasi from the air into water. [At] fertile pool ( rich of water plant and fitoplankton) during Daytime will happened photosynthesis process yielding many oxygen, so that oxygen concentration [in] pool e

OPERATION OF DISEASE of[is NON PARASITER. A. ENVIRONMENT. Deplesi ( insuffiency ) oxygen represent one of [the] environmental factor which often become cause losing of fish, especially [in] pool which containing many organic materials. Influence lacking of oxygen to losing of fish [in] pool earn happened directly and also indirectly. At the (time) of oxygen content in very low water, most existing fish will die, except some species capable to take direct oxygen from the air. Indirectly, lacking of oxygen can cause fish become stres so that [is] easy to attacked by organism cause of disease. To overcome the the loss require to study to [regarding/ hit] factors influencing oxygen deplesi. Primary factor influencing oxygen concentration [in] pool [is] fotosintesa, oxygen diffusion and respirasi from the air into water. [At] fertile pool ( rich of water plant and fitoplankton) during Daytime will happened photosynthesis process yielding many oxygen, so that oxygen concentration [in] pool e

factor which must be paid attention in making of fishpond 1. ecological aspect 2. land;ground aspect 3. aspect of biologis 4. social aspect [of] economics. ECOLOGICAL ASPECT a. ambient temperature climate b. water quality and amount c. water current and ebb d. water pollution. ASPECT LAND;GROUND a. Topography b. tekstur c. acidity d. obstetrical [of] organic materials and element of hara BIOLOGICAL ASPECT a. Source of seed b. nature of organism c. other organism d. vegetasi and continuity of environment. SOCIAL ASPECT [of] ECONOMICS a. Location Allotment and farm status b. facilities and basic facilities c. labour ( efisien) d. availibility of stable price and market e. licensing.

Disease of Desinfeksi fish. disease definition : trouble to function some of or entire/all organ of organism. disease some aspect 1. organism organ function annoyed 2. intruder factor. environmental factor. environmental factor have an effect on big to incidence [of] disease of fish 1. Factor physical Abiotik - temperature - turbidity. factor of kimiawi - DO - Salinatas - Ammonia. 2. Biotik - makroorganisme - mikroorganisme. representing parasite patogen decomposition of food. disease of fish arise effect 1. inappropriate Environmental 2. inappropriate food. eradication of disease - recognize cause of disease - determining action ( preventive / medication ). factor of Biotik cause of disease according to its its 1. Have the character of infektif ( live in body of inang ) example [of] : in liver, blood, digestive channel 2. having the character of parasite : partly or entire/all cycling its life patch [at] organ in animal of inang to permeate food Iihat vitamin 3. having the character o

fish conducting [in] net float. antecedent. exploiting of resource territorial water of lake public, accumulating basin, controller barrage, ex- sand dig. net float: magnification of fish [at] place of floated conducting on the surface of irrigate, where all part of its side [is] covered up [by] material net so that enable the happening of rotation. intensive method - pre-eminent seed - food - management. Location Choice : Category I. 1. Wide [of] and in > 10m is 2. Covert [of] wave and wind 3. Far from centre of activities. Category of II 1. Free from contamination 2. optimal temperature 25 - 27 degree of Celcius 3. brightness 45 cm 4. DO 3 ppm 5. pH 6,8 - 8,5 6. freing from water plant blooming 7. Free from influence of disease and parasite 8. having rotation of good water. Category of III 1. Aspect Permit 2. Aksebilitas 3. well guaranted Security 4. Easy Marketing.

fish conducting in drum ( Silo ). Advantage 1. Low Expense 2. needed Materials modestly 3. way of easy making 4. easy to in control 5. harvested easy and quickly. engineering and materials of[is place of 1. plastic drum 2. pipe of paralon 3. drum pallet ( can from wood) low expense if/when compared to other conducting [of] drum system [do] not require wide [of] areal, its materials modestly conducting beside / house yard. location 1. near by the source of and water of continue 2. close to enough water more or less 10 litre / minute 3. source of higher water of water level in fish type drum 1. Positive Reotaksis 2. Respon to side dish 3. Hold up life [at] high density ( narrow;tight farm 4. economics. side dish. dose depended fish size measure. crop. [about/around] 3 months.

AGE FISH. In Biology Fishery of knowledge concerning composition old age in fish community or population a[n territorial water play a part importantly, especially if attributed to production will be able to seen to sliver its bearing with management of fish as resource from a[n territorial water. fish in a[n territorial water as a(n) community member or population non consisting of one age group. To facilitate congeniality hereinafter, hence weared as base [is] one just population, except there [is] other statement which show or community of multiple species. One population which have succeeded to perform [a] breeder yield a large amount of fish children base on fecundity, efficacy of and breeder of mortalitas of fish children. Rest of fish children which grow and succeed tired life [of] size measure able to diekspliotasi named [by] recruitmen. Situation of fish amount of each class in existing population composition in certain to territorial water at one time base on rekruitmen that h

Fresh Water-Pond Culture in West Java Potency of West Java fishery for pond culture and ring water is many existed in entire residency / municipality which is exist in west Java. The availability of water for breeding development in fresh-water pond in west Java regions good available in Tasikmalaya, Ciamis, Sukabumi, Subang, Purwakarta, Sumedang, Majalengka, and Kuningan regency. The kind of fish that could be develop is so many such as tilepia , gurame, catfish, cyprinus carpio. The prospect of fresh-water pond breeder in west Java regions is good enough but in term with good and to plan management. The result of fishery of the breeder is marketing for fulfill of the needs of local consumer and out side region consumer such as Jakarta and Banten , there even a small par has been exported. For fish breeding with cage on sea is just to trial out stages and the sample is Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, and waters in Bekasi and Karawang regency. sumber : general directorate of[is make-up of institu

Tagging. Tagging [is] [gift/ giving] of sign to fish body with installing foreign object. Object the used [is] objects which [do] not easy to rust silveryly, alumunium, nickel, plastic, ebonite, selluloid, and others. [At] this tag can date, serial number or other code able to give order or boldness to finding fish having the tag. This matter represent one of [the] advantage compared to with marking so that facilitate to identify individual which have been given [by] tag. Part of fish body which is [is] ordinary to be given [by] tag [is]: Part of head - jawbone under - gill cover. Part of body - back fin frontage - back fin backside - inner [of] body - part of fat fin ( fin adipose) - tail bar. Target of [gift/ giving] of sign [at] fish [is] to recognize again fish which have been said the word. Its usefulness for example to study: A. Parameter population 1. Density 2. Speed of mortalitas 3. Speed of exploitation 4. Speed of recruitmen. B. Speed and direction of ruaya. C. Growth and de

[GIFT/ GIVING] OF SIGN [AT] FISH. [Gift/ giving] of sign [at] fish there [is] two, kinds of 1. Marking 2. Tagging 1. Marking. Marking that is [gift/ giving] of sign [at] fish body non in the form of foreign object. Sign which including into this category [is] amputation of fin, [gift/ giving] of hole [at] gill cover and [gift/ giving] of tatoo. Among the marking which at most used [is] amputation of fin and [gift/ giving] of hole, while way of the other one again seldom be used [by] because besides difficult to do also, its result is not durable. Amputation of fin [is] usually [done/conducted] to fin stomach of fish which right side or which left side. There [is] crosscut also other fin. Which must be paid attention in doing this work [is] custody [so that/ to be] effect [of] that amputation don't become to grow again so that difficult to recognize fin which have been cut [by] if that fish have been caught again. Or if growing again part of crosscut fin shall [is] easy to recognize