FISH CULTURE

NATURAL FOOD FOR THE PRAWN. Natural Food represent indispensablelity need its levying for the food of prawn larva. Although many plankton type able to be used as [by] prawn larva food, but for good natural food [of] hams fulfill some conditions, that is - Having size measure and form matching with prawn larva mouth - its Obstetrical [of] high him - solid Cell content and have flimsy cell wall, so that [is] easy to permeated - Quickly multiply and have tolerance which high enough to change of environmental factor - [Do] not [release] poisonous compound - Movement of it is not overactive, so that [is] easy to arrested by prawn larva. To take care of the availibility of natural food for the larva of prawn, hence require to be [done/conducted] [by] natural food culture which with quality and optimal amount. Some plankton type which [is] often used for the food of prawn [is] Skeletonema Costatum, Tetraselmis Chilii, Chaetoceros Calcitrans, Brachionus Plicatilis and of Artemia Sp. TECHNIQUE

FAT. Fat required as source of energi. Existence of fat have important role also for growth and continuity of life, especially some sour type [of] fat very is having an in with [of] life of prawn. Sour [of] fat also function to dissolve vitamin. Sour composition [of] fat exist in prawn very hand in glove its [relation/link] with fat which implied in given food. One fat gram can yield 9 kkal per gram while protein and carbohydrate only yielding 4 kkal per gram. Special to territorial water organism, fat play a part in to minimize beratjenis, so that organism can float [in] water. Some researcher report that given food fat rate and source have real influence to body fat rate. According to Sick and of Andrews ( 1973), given [by] prawn [is] food without fat have body fat rate 4,93 % from dry weight. While [at] food which is the each given [by] fat coming from 10 % ox fat, 10 % corn oil and 10 % linseed, causing each prawn body fat rate become 7,27 %, 7,82 % and 8,58 %. Matter this means re

HABIT EAT PRAWN of WINDU ( Penaeus Monodon) . [In] nature, prawn of windu ordinary eat various type of Crustacea big, Brachyura, vegetation objects, Polychaeta, Mollusca, small fishs and limited small Crustacea in number. While looked after prawn [in] fishpond eating many Copepoda. Although prawn of penaid represent omnivorous animal ( Omnivora), however in general prawn represent predator to invertebrata which [is] movement of tardy [it]. Result of inspection to prawn innards;bowels of windu looked after [in] fishpond indicate that its food consist of type plankton of Lyngbya sp, Spirulina, Skeletonema and from type of zooplankton that is Brachionus sp ( Ranoemihardjo, 1980). Even though, situation of place environment live prawn will have an effect on to eaten food type. In effort conservancy of prawn, given food besides have to have the quality of which its [of] him have to enough, because lacking of food will be more quicken death of animal which [is] conducting. Till now Artemia n

CONDITIONS OF NUTRISI TO PRAWN of WINDU. Source of nutrisi ( gizi) [is] generally classified to become five category, that is: protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin. To support growth and continuity of its life, prawn require nutrisi which qualitative and also quantitative fulfill conditions as according to requirement of prawn. the Iihat vitamins have to stay in food which physiologically function as source of regulator Iihat vitamin of[is continuity of life. PROTEIN AND ACID of AMINO ESENSIAL. Protein represent organic compound [of] complex, lapped over to the many acid of amino pregnant [of] elements of C, H, O and of N which [do] not have by carbohydrate or fat. pregnant Protein molecule also sulphur and phospor. Protein of vital importance to body, because this Iihat vitamin have function as materialss in body and also as constructor Iihat vitamin and regulator. As constructor Iihat vitamin, functioning protein in forming new network and maintain network which have there

CONDITIONS OF BIOLOGIS AND HABIT EAT PRAWN of WINDU. A. CONDITIONS OF BIOLOGIS. Prawn of Windu ( Penaeus Monodon) included in Penaidae familia. Sub of Ordo Natantia, Ordo Decapoda and of Klas Crustacea. This Group [of] life [in] territorial water base / bentik, frown upon light and hide [in] mud in the day time. Have the character of cannibal, especially in a state of peckish and [there] no available food, having ammonia ekskresi which high enough and for growth needed to change husk ( moulting). Some environmental factor which influence the continuity of life and growth of prawn shall be as follows : 1. Temperature. Prawn require temperature gyration [among/between] 25 till 32°C [so that/ to be] earning life and grow normally. Temperature territorial water excelsior, fast excelsior [of] metabolism in prawn body. This condition will make balance to at the height of accelerateing food consumption. If/When temperature increasing, prawn of stres and will [release] abundant mucus. On the c

Area Come [from] and Spreading Of Fish of Betutu. Fish of Betutu anticipated [by] original fish [of] Indonesia coming from island of Kalimantan. But, whereas people there [is] also having a notion that fish of betutu come from Sumatra because since long time there [are] over there, even become Sub-Province Roof-Gutter mascot of Betutu. Considering the name of betutu become single name [in] island, hence fish of betutu anticipated to come from Sumatra. While [in] this Kalimantan fish [is] named [by] fish of bakut fish or of bakukut meaning to be kept quiet. [In] town of Pontianak, this fish [of] stupid fish bemama or fish of goblog because in character which [is] always kept quiet. This fish only moving if/when peckish and if (there are) any prey which [is] coincidence pass in front of him. If/When have is fully filled, just [to] this fish will be be kept quiet it though see prey which have been mastered to be to be grabbed by other fish. fish of Betutu in this time have met many [in]

ANTECEDENT. Our Nation ( Indonesia ) very is requiring [is] source of protein to become a[n smart and healthy nation. fish of Mempakan one of [the] source of gilt edged protein. pregnant Fish mean flesh [of] protein ( 9 - 22 %), fat ( 0,1 - 20 %), mineral ( 1 - 3 %), vitamin, lecithin, guanin, and a little a few/little cholesterol. A. the Target of and Target Development Of Sub-Sektor Fishery. Imposingly territorial water and abundance its[his] various fish type in Indonesia, hence government of cymbal or expect that requirement of Indonesian nation protein can fulfill from fishery sub-sektor. Thereby, target of and target development of sub - fishery sector, beside improve foreign exchange to state, is to improve prosperity of people with target [so that/ to be] goals every body Indonesia can consume fish ± 25 singk / people / tired year. If/When the goals can reach, hence Indonesian nation surely will become smart and healthy nation. B. Potency Fishery of Freshwater. Development of f

RECOGNITION OF DECORATIVE TYPE FISH ( DISKUS, SEVERUM, RAINBOW, NIASA ANTECEDENT। In order to improving earnings of society of DKI Jakarta specially farmer of fish / fisherman have been gone through [by] various means among others exploit lawn farm with effort conservancy of decorative fish। Amount of decorative fish specially decorative fish [of] hard freshwater earn conducting in Indonesia there [is] 91 type। From to 91 fish type, there are some very potential the decorative fish type to be developed [by] because besides can be marketed in country also can represent commodity of eksport। the potential decorative Fish types for example fish of Diskus, Severum, Rainbow, and Niasa। To be more recognize the fish type [at] Chapter hereinafter of dikemukanan of[is nature of from fishs 2. DECORATIVE TYPE FISH 1) Diskus. Decorative Fish [of] Diskus ( Symhysodonodiscus) represent one of [the] decorative fish type [of] freshwater coming from Amazon river ( Brasil). the Type Fish have good econ

CONDUCTING FISH of MANFISH., Morphology and Habit Of Fish of Manfis. Manfish or which [is] recognized also with term ' Fish Angel' coming from territorial water of Amazon, South America. Manfish ( Pterophyllum Scalare ) pertained into set of relatives of Cichlidae, having marking of morfologis the following habit and: " Owning type and colour which vary " Form flimsy body, with body like dart " Stomach fin and its back fin unfold wide up at tail, so that see as bow which [is] transparent dark chromatic " [At] part of its chest there are two fin which [is] length pendant to part of tail " Taking care of and protecting its clan " Have the character of omnivorously " Pertained easy to accept various food type in so many source and form. Some fish type of Manfish recognized and have expanded in Indonesia for example [is]: Diamond ( Berlian ), Imperial, Marble and of Black-White. Diamond ( Berlian ) silver chromatic gleam until dusty green. [At] p

Mineral function [at] food to fish. Mineral Iihat vitamins required by fish for example calcium ( Ca), phosphorus ( P), and natrium of klor ( in compound of Naci), manganese ( Mn), ferrum ( Fe), copper ( Cu), iodine ( I), and cobalt ( Co). [Is] the same as with vitamin, mineral very required by fish in number which [do] not too big. Calcium ( Ca) and phosphorus ( P) needed to forming of bone / growth and to take care of body network function can work normally. Chloride Natrium ( Nacl) have an effect on in growth, but suggested [by] its usage [do] not too much. Iron ( Fe) required for the forming of red corpuscle, while copper ( Cu) assist in usage of iron by body. Iodine ( [Is] i) needed to making of tiroksin ( hormone of timid) and manganese ( Mn) have an effect on in course of ovulasi/ reproduction. source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan, M.M, 2001

Vitamin. Vitamin needed in number which relative a few/little, especially to keep in good health and growth of fish body. Evaluated from nature of its physical, vitamin can be divided into two faction that is dissolve vitamin in dissolve vitamin and water in fat. dissolve vitamin in water for example tiamin ( vitamin of B), riboflavin ( vitamin of B2), sour [of] pantotenat ( vitamin of B6), biotin, and kobalamin ( vitamin of B 2), and others. dissolve vitamin in fat for example retinol ( vitamin of A), or kolekalsiferol of ergokalsiferol ( vitamin of D), alpha of tokoferol ( vitamin of E), and menadion ', vitamin of K). Vitamin of B1 B6, and functioning B12 to support growth and also can stimulate passion eat, while vitamin of B2 play a part in growth and transfer of food Iihat vitamins ( like carbohydrate, fat, and protein) of cells in fish body and also for the process of reproduction. Vitamin of A functioning to support health of eye, while vitamin of D required for the process

Carbohydrate. Carbohydrate represent the source of energi and in general come from flora which [is] forming of [him/ it] [pass/through] photosynthesis process constructively sunshine. In food formulasi, carbohydrate of[is including group which [is] often referred [as] [by] NFE (" nitrogen of free extract) or in Indonesian term of BETN ( extract materials without nitrogen). This BETN contain karbohidrat,gula, extract, and most of classified [by] Iihat vitamins [is] hemiselulosa in food-stuff. Assess BETN obtained from number quantifying of protein, fat, dusty, harsh fibre, and water lessened [by] 100. source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M

Role of Fat to making of food made in. Functioning fat as source of energi and assist absorbtion of certain minerals ( especially calcium) and also vitamin. dissolve vitamin in fat ( vitamin of A, D, E, K). In relation to food made in usefulness of fat have an effect on to feeling and food tekstur which [is] dibuat.oleh in consequence fat also have role in course of metabolism and growth of fish. fat of Esensial required by fish also in the form of sour types [of] unsatiated fat, for example acid of linoleic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenoleat), sour [of] linolenic ( more knowledgeable with acid of lenolenat), and arachidonic ( more knowledgeable with arakidonat). Fat pertained [is] easy to oxidized so that its use in making of food made in its amount [is] limited. If used fat content too high frequently by maker [party/ side] enhanced with materials of antioksidan to pursue the happening of oxidation process. source : Ir. M. Firdaus Sahwan M.M

Protein. Protein represent top-drawer element in compilation of food formulasi because effort conducting expect growth of fish which quickly. In this case, protein have three function to body that is a) as constructor which forming various new network for growth, to changing damage network, and also reproduction, b) as regulator which play a part in forming of custodian hormone and enzyme and regulator various metabolism process in fish body, c) as burner because carbon element which consist in in it can be functioned as source of energi at the (time) of requirement of energi [do] not fufilled by fat and carbohydrate. Protein molecule lapped over from a number of acid of amino upon which base. Quality of protein very determined by sour composition [of] its compiler amino. This composition will differ [among/between] one materials with other materials. From [about/around] twenty sour type [of] amino exist in nature, ten among others represent acid of amino which [is] esensial which cann

IMPORTANT MEANING [of] FOOD TO FISH. AVAILIBILITY OF FOOD IN NUMBER which enough is, timely, and valuable [of] good gizi represent one of [the] very important factor in fish conducting business activity. Ready [of] food which disagree with amount of looked after fish cause fish growth rate become tardyly. As a result yielded production disagree with which [is] expected. Basically, source of food to conservancy fish,. coming from natural food and food made in. Because of amount of natural food in pool / territorial water very limited and less adequate ( especially for the activity of fish conducting intensively and also semiintensi) hence [so that/ to be] reached [by] fish growth rate, good require to be given [by] side dish or food made in as according to requirement of fish. If good fish growth rate hence conservancy time become briefer so that pool productivity / territorial water also mount because period produce looked after fish become shorterly. Problems which often become constr

Study of quality water. Water [is] all water which there are [in] nature and or come from source of water, and there are, above surface of land;ground, [do] not the included in this congeniality [is] water which there are subsurface and sea water. quality of Water. [is] the nature of life being content and water, energi, or other component in water. Quality of water expressed with a few parameter of[is quality of water covering physics parameter like temperature, turbidity, dissolve density, etcetera. Chemical parameter which include;cover pH, dissolve oxygen, BOD, metals rate and others; biological parameter cover existence of bacterium plankton and its. Contamination of Water. [is] entry of or including of life being, energi, and or other component into water by activity of human being, so that the quality of water get down to to certain storey;level which cause water [do] not function again according to allotment of [him/ it]. source of : Hefni Effendie, 1999.

OPERATION OF DISEASE of[is NON PARASITER. A. ENVIRONMENT. Deplesi ( insuffiency ) oxygen represent one of [the] environmental factor which often become cause losing of fish, especially [in] pool which containing many organic materials. Influence lacking of oxygen to losing of fish [in] pool earn happened directly and also indirectly. At the (time) of oxygen content in very low water, most existing fish will die, except some species capable to take direct oxygen from the air. Indirectly, lacking of oxygen can cause fish become stres so that [is] easy to attacked by organism cause of disease. To overcome the the loss require to study to [regarding/ hit] factors influencing oxygen deplesi. Primary factor influencing oxygen concentration [in] pool [is] fotosintesa, oxygen diffusion and respirasi from the air into water. [At] fertile pool ( rich of water plant and fitoplankton) during Daytime will happened photosynthesis process yielding many oxygen, so that oxygen concentration [in] pool e

OPERATION OF DISEASE of[is NON PARASITER. A. ENVIRONMENT. Deplesi ( insuffiency ) oxygen represent one of [the] environmental factor which often become cause losing of fish, especially [in] pool which containing many organic materials. Influence lacking of oxygen to losing of fish [in] pool earn happened directly and also indirectly. At the (time) of oxygen content in very low water, most existing fish will die, except some species capable to take direct oxygen from the air. Indirectly, lacking of oxygen can cause fish become stres so that [is] easy to attacked by organism cause of disease. To overcome the the loss require to study to [regarding/ hit] factors influencing oxygen deplesi. Primary factor influencing oxygen concentration [in] pool [is] fotosintesa, oxygen diffusion and respirasi from the air into water. [At] fertile pool ( rich of water plant and fitoplankton) during Daytime will happened photosynthesis process yielding many oxygen, so that oxygen concentration [in] pool e

factor which must be paid attention in making of fishpond 1. ecological aspect 2. land;ground aspect 3. aspect of biologis 4. social aspect [of] economics. ECOLOGICAL ASPECT a. ambient temperature climate b. water quality and amount c. water current and ebb d. water pollution. ASPECT LAND;GROUND a. Topography b. tekstur c. acidity d. obstetrical [of] organic materials and element of hara BIOLOGICAL ASPECT a. Source of seed b. nature of organism c. other organism d. vegetasi and continuity of environment. SOCIAL ASPECT [of] ECONOMICS a. Location Allotment and farm status b. facilities and basic facilities c. labour ( efisien) d. availibility of stable price and market e. licensing.

Disease of Desinfeksi fish. disease definition : trouble to function some of or entire/all organ of organism. disease some aspect 1. organism organ function annoyed 2. intruder factor. environmental factor. environmental factor have an effect on big to incidence [of] disease of fish 1. Factor physical Abiotik - temperature - turbidity. factor of kimiawi - DO - Salinatas - Ammonia. 2. Biotik - makroorganisme - mikroorganisme. representing parasite patogen decomposition of food. disease of fish arise effect 1. inappropriate Environmental 2. inappropriate food. eradication of disease - recognize cause of disease - determining action ( preventive / medication ). factor of Biotik cause of disease according to its its 1. Have the character of infektif ( live in body of inang ) example [of] : in liver, blood, digestive channel 2. having the character of parasite : partly or entire/all cycling its life patch [at] organ in animal of inang to permeate food Iihat vitamin 3. having the character o

fish conducting [in] net float. antecedent. exploiting of resource territorial water of lake public, accumulating basin, controller barrage, ex- sand dig. net float: magnification of fish [at] place of floated conducting on the surface of irrigate, where all part of its side [is] covered up [by] material net so that enable the happening of rotation. intensive method - pre-eminent seed - food - management. Location Choice : Category I. 1. Wide [of] and in > 10m is 2. Covert [of] wave and wind 3. Far from centre of activities. Category of II 1. Free from contamination 2. optimal temperature 25 - 27 degree of Celcius 3. brightness 45 cm 4. DO 3 ppm 5. pH 6,8 - 8,5 6. freing from water plant blooming 7. Free from influence of disease and parasite 8. having rotation of good water. Category of III 1. Aspect Permit 2. Aksebilitas 3. well guaranted Security 4. Easy Marketing.

fish conducting in drum ( Silo ). Advantage 1. Low Expense 2. needed Materials modestly 3. way of easy making 4. easy to in control 5. harvested easy and quickly. engineering and materials of[is place of 1. plastic drum 2. pipe of paralon 3. drum pallet ( can from wood) low expense if/when compared to other conducting [of] drum system [do] not require wide [of] areal, its materials modestly conducting beside / house yard. location 1. near by the source of and water of continue 2. close to enough water more or less 10 litre / minute 3. source of higher water of water level in fish type drum 1. Positive Reotaksis 2. Respon to side dish 3. Hold up life [at] high density ( narrow;tight farm 4. economics. side dish. dose depended fish size measure. crop. [about/around] 3 months.

AGE FISH. In Biology Fishery of knowledge concerning composition old age in fish community or population a[n territorial water play a part importantly, especially if attributed to production will be able to seen to sliver its bearing with management of fish as resource from a[n territorial water. fish in a[n territorial water as a(n) community member or population non consisting of one age group. To facilitate congeniality hereinafter, hence weared as base [is] one just population, except there [is] other statement which show or community of multiple species. One population which have succeeded to perform [a] breeder yield a large amount of fish children base on fecundity, efficacy of and breeder of mortalitas of fish children. Rest of fish children which grow and succeed tired life [of] size measure able to diekspliotasi named [by] recruitmen. Situation of fish amount of each class in existing population composition in certain to territorial water at one time base on rekruitmen that h

Fresh Water-Pond Culture in West Java Potency of West Java fishery for pond culture and ring water is many existed in entire residency / municipality which is exist in west Java. The availability of water for breeding development in fresh-water pond in west Java regions good available in Tasikmalaya, Ciamis, Sukabumi, Subang, Purwakarta, Sumedang, Majalengka, and Kuningan regency. The kind of fish that could be develop is so many such as tilepia , gurame, catfish, cyprinus carpio. The prospect of fresh-water pond breeder in west Java regions is good enough but in term with good and to plan management. The result of fishery of the breeder is marketing for fulfill of the needs of local consumer and out side region consumer such as Jakarta and Banten , there even a small par has been exported. For fish breeding with cage on sea is just to trial out stages and the sample is Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, and waters in Bekasi and Karawang regency. sumber : general directorate of[is make-up of institu

Tagging. Tagging [is] [gift/ giving] of sign to fish body with installing foreign object. Object the used [is] objects which [do] not easy to rust silveryly, alumunium, nickel, plastic, ebonite, selluloid, and others. [At] this tag can date, serial number or other code able to give order or boldness to finding fish having the tag. This matter represent one of [the] advantage compared to with marking so that facilitate to identify individual which have been given [by] tag. Part of fish body which is [is] ordinary to be given [by] tag [is]: Part of head - jawbone under - gill cover. Part of body - back fin frontage - back fin backside - inner [of] body - part of fat fin ( fin adipose) - tail bar. Target of [gift/ giving] of sign [at] fish [is] to recognize again fish which have been said the word. Its usefulness for example to study: A. Parameter population 1. Density 2. Speed of mortalitas 3. Speed of exploitation 4. Speed of recruitmen. B. Speed and direction of ruaya. C. Growth and de

[GIFT/ GIVING] OF SIGN [AT] FISH. [Gift/ giving] of sign [at] fish there [is] two, kinds of 1. Marking 2. Tagging 1. Marking. Marking that is [gift/ giving] of sign [at] fish body non in the form of foreign object. Sign which including into this category [is] amputation of fin, [gift/ giving] of hole [at] gill cover and [gift/ giving] of tatoo. Among the marking which at most used [is] amputation of fin and [gift/ giving] of hole, while way of the other one again seldom be used [by] because besides difficult to do also, its result is not durable. Amputation of fin [is] usually [done/conducted] to fin stomach of fish which right side or which left side. There [is] crosscut also other fin. Which must be paid attention in doing this work [is] custody [so that/ to be] effect [of] that amputation don't become to grow again so that difficult to recognize fin which have been cut [by] if that fish have been caught again. Or if growing again part of crosscut fin shall [is] easy to recognize

Fish Seed Business in West Java Province Fish seeding business opportunity which is giving, enough prospect in recent time considering the need of fish seed, either for sea breading or brackish water breeding and also press water in large enough. According to the objectives of West Java Province fishery development is became which the largest feed produce nationally. One of the importance of seeding business, is to protect seed availability especially for business in trouble and float-cage pond, and as weft to decorated fish is popular recently, this business send for big benefit particular if manage properly and with planning. Fish Seed for Marine Culture (Cage)' The need of fish seed for culture development in West Java Province is not net great number, due to the breeding development in see is not as fast as in floating-cage pond and pond. The seed of the fish which is needed is: white kakap, red kakap and sea fish (kerapu), for marine culture development by using cage ( floatin

FISHERIES AND MARINE ACTIVITY OF WEST JAVA IN GENERAL 1.1 General Condition of West Java Province. West Java Province as the most prominent partner province of State Capital has the very strategic position in social-politics growth and development of nation. Therefore West Java has the area and big market potency so that become the especial target of investments and business development The sea region of West Java consisted of 2 ( two) part that is northern sea region and southern sea region, with 805 km coastal line, and sea area including ZEEI is 16.450 km2 wit RTP total is 12.562 represent development potency of fishery business both in upstream and downstream off farm and also on farm. 1.2 Fishery Potency of West Java Fisheries data of West Java Province as in outline could be described as appeared in the following table. Table 1. Data of Potency and Utilizing of West Java Fishery, Source : DIRECTORATE GENERAL of[is MAKE-UP OF CAPACITIES INSTITUTE AND MARKETING OF DEPARTMENT OCEA

impact if looked after koi experience of lacking of gizi. Effect of which emerge if koi lacking of immeasurable gizi enough, depended from its element [of] him. Koi which lacking of vitamin of C show hollowing symptom [at] backbone, even [at] some natural case broken backbone. if happened lacking of iodine or mineral, koi will suffer goitre. Besides its [of] enough him, food have to [is] easy to digested, [is] easy to permeated by body, and contain pigment to add brightness of [his/its] colour. pregnant food-stuff [of] red pigment and turn yellow can be made [by] xself or obtained [by] [in] fish shops, especially selling koi. Even by genetis colour pigment [at] koi have is good enough, during its life there [is] possibility of natural koi [of] change because various factor influencing [it], like too solid algae population, sunshine focus, and water quality. For that, need pigment supply pass food to improve;repair colour balance of koi. Tables 4. Requirement Of Vitamin Basis For Koi. V

Prey [relation/link] - predator. Most [all] biologist assume that predator altogether species of carnivora, including fish eater of fish ( Piscivor) and eater all kinds of invertebrate start from king sized small fairish until. According to Campbell ( Weatherley and of Gill, 1984) there [is] 11 principle concerning [relation/link] prey and goose [at] fish: 1. Fish of Piscivor harvest the more fish from [at] fisherman 2. Mean prey size measure eaten by predator progressively growing larger by growing larger predator size measure 3. [All] predator show hobby [at] species prey [at] certain size measure 4. Predator generally take all kinds of prey 5. Preying prey by conducive predator [of] them change exploitation in density of prey. 6. Predator species possible change its food more or less permanently to species in is balance [of] ecology 7. Prey its amount [is] reduced clearly by predator pressure 8. Community prey composition influenced by predator 9. big population of prey can stimulat

REFRIGERATION [AT] PRODUCT RESULT OF FISHERY. Handling of low temperature 1. cold Depository ( 5 - 15 degree of Celcius ) 2. chilled Depository ( 1 - 5 degree of Celcius ) 3. Chilled Storage ( - 1 - 0 degree of Celcius ) 4. Depository [of] frost ( less than - 2 degree of Celcius ). Principal of refrigeration (it) is interesting [is] hot the than food-stuff till reach wanted temperature without happened change of physical. Usefulness of refrigeration 1. Pursuing reaction of bichemistry and chemistry 2. Pursuing enzyme aktifitas 3. Pursuing microbe aktifitas. Refrigeration media 1. ice cube 2. dry ice 3. RSW ( Refregrated Sea Water) 4. cool air.

Pool model like what commonly use to look after koi + David Pool, in its book which entitle Hobbyist Guide Succesful Koi Keeping to, dividing pool become three elementary form, formal namely is, informal, and plastic pool. formal Model pool loo like with swimming pool, stiff dressy and impress opening. Usually fairish formal pool wide [of] and in. [In] around dicor with cement. This model often attend water fountain, waterfall, and various idol as accent sweetener of pool. informal Model pool have the character of natural. Natural Ornamen-ornamen like mount stoney, sand, decorative crop, clump, grass, or plant border ( constrictor crop) [is] often attached to add natural impression. Its nucleus;core, the pool made to experience of possible, impressing attend mountain nuance or countryside [in] house yard. Meanwhile, model plastic pool generally in the form of pool which have become from materials of fiberglass and remain to be [entered/included] into land;ground. Pool this type of used

MODEL POOL of KOI – How to make pool desain of koi good + Pool Desain depended from wide [of] available land;ground. If land;ground enough wide [of], can be made [by] crankle pool and one with garden device. But, if available land;ground [do] not too wide [of] or narrow, made pool form not many choice, radian namely square or [of] length. Some factor becoming supporter of[is beauty [of] a pool [is] pool construction, installation of pool installation, and painting of pool. Elementary [of] pool have to be adapted for [by] situation of land;ground. If condition of stable land;ground and is not aqueous, pool construction can be made by using piling. Each;Every [is] square meters attached [by] four piling. But, if labile land;ground or its wet condition, have to be made [by] strong fondasi into land;ground in the form of concrete cor or of dolken. When making pool base, don't forget to think of installation of pool installation, for example pipe which can be attributed to pump sucker o

Lernea Cyprinaceae L. cyprinaceae [is] of a kind globular lilliputian prawn [of] length like worm. [At] part of its head there are organ looking like yoke, so that this organism [is] recognized with the title yoke worm ( anchorworm). By the instrumentality of organ this is yoke worm gum in [him/it] to fish body. During its life, natural yoke worm thrice change of [his/its] body, that is nauplius, adult form and copepodid. The duration one cycle live depended from environmental temperature, in Indonesia, generally reach 21 - 25 day. [At] stadium of copepodid, this yoke worm [of] life [in] around fish body and nip husk / fish mucus. [At] this stadium, the worm very sensitive to some type of obat-obatan. Entering adult stadium, this worm [of] worm divided to become two group, that is stadium of cyclopoid adult stadium and. During stadium of cyclopoid, lernea live [in] around fish body as well as [do] not hold up to influence of medication. female Yoke worm will jab its head to husk netwo

result of fishery : obstetrical [of] water in high fish body enough, hence fish quickly decay. handling [at] product result of fishery [done/conducted] by 1. Direct handling. fish after harvested [is] later;then cleaned to be to be cleaned to be to be fried and eaten 2. Pickling. Quality of fish [do] not be different far [among/between] the capturer fish with fish result of pickling 3. Processing. pickling with giving treatment [at] result of fishery as a mean to lengthen energy keep, form and condition result of fishery have differed from its genuiness 4. Diversify. product result of given [by] fishery [is] certain treatment to increase consume fish [in] society.

definition emulsion system : processing by exploiting fat emulsion system in water with protein upon which emulsifier. fat emulsion in unstable water, always try to cut loose, hence protein as fastener. pursuant to blubber content divided [by] 3 shares 1. Low [of] thin fish <> 15% high fat [of] high product --> smooth fish flesh tekstur - fish which [is] its fat > 15% flatulent fish, needn't there [is] addition of fat [at] making a[n product. if [his/its] obstetrical fat bigger than protein hence formed [by] fat coalesce so that fish product with by using the emulsion system become uglyly. and if fat less hence fish product will ossify. one of [the] the example [is] sausage.

Antiangiogenesis, Anti tumor and Improve;Repair Bone. sea-cucumber benefit dissipate tumor have been proved [by] Barrel of Y, dkk, of Division of Farmakologi Anti tumor, State Key Laboratory Drug Research of, Shanghai Institute Materia Medica of, Chinese Academy Sciences of, Shanghai, China. Barrel Insulation of saponin sulphate of sea-cucumber of Pentancta quadrangulari of[is so-called philinopside A. By inseminating 2-10 Mikroliter A philinopside [at] mouse aorta, forming of micro vein [of] barn ( angiogenesis) [at] tumor cell can be prevented. As a result, tumor cell [do] not get input of nutrisi so that cell [do] not expand and finally die. That result prove that philinopside, A [at] sea-cucumber have potency [to] as anti tumor. [In] Russia, GENERAL Popov, expert research into from Pacific Institute Bioorganic Chemistry of, Far East Division Russian Academy Sciences of the of, Vladivostok, Russia, also check sea-cucumber khasiat to overcome tumor. he compare effect of sitotoksik [

Content and Benefit Sea-Cucumber. Result of study [in] China lay open that pregnant cucumber sea [of] glycosides saponin. This component have structure which similar to component of gingseng active, ganoderma, and materials flora of tonik famous. This study show the existence of content anti cancer [at] and saponin of polisakarida which consist in in sea-cucumber. Besides, this modern study prove that sea-cucumber can be used as a[n and tonik of suplemen gizi. Useful sea-cucumber to various dangerous disease type like stroke, asthma, coroner heart, hepatitis, tumor, etc. Useful sea-cucumber as drug because of its content which [is] komplek. According to Pieter dr A. W Pattinama, of RS PGI Cikini Jakarta, sea-cucumber weared to heal various disease because brief during can grow selsel which lose / damagely, rich of active compound and nutrisi many in the form of antioksidan, good to repair of human being body cell. Result of research of Prof Dr. Ridzwan Hashim of Malaysia, obstetrical [

Seacucumber benefit. Multipurpose Drug since long time . Seacucumber ( gamat, sea cucumber) [is] animal go out to sea to have soft body [of] Echinodermata berfillum, class of Holothuroidae. Some type in form of cylindrical [is] length like cucumber, [is] so that referred [as] [by] cucumber go out to sea or cucumber sea. Besides upon which delicious food, in the reality proven seacucumber can heal disease. [In] China, exploiting of sea-cucumber as and drug of tonik lasing have been recognized [by] since thousands of last year. Meanwhile [in] Island of Lengkawi ( a isle [in] Peninsula of Malaysia), seacucumber exploited by society as traditional antiseptic and multipurpose drug to various disease since hundreds of last year. But, at that moment used technology still modestly that is by sea-cucumber water drinked to woman after bearing to discontinue haemorrahage and quicken process healing of hurt of khitan [at] boy. Source : News Market Fish, Directorate Marketing Of Home Affairs Direct

SeaHorse ( Hippocampus Spp ) Beautiful. SeaHorse recognized [do] not only as entertainer animal [in] aquarium but also as " strong drug", adder of stamina. Even a factory entertain in Indonesia clearly mention sea-horse as one of [the] important materials [at] raw material composition list. Hippocampus come from Greek of hippos meaning and horse of campus meaning sea monster. In state mythology, hippocampus [is] a vehicle of sea deitys. Sea-Horse ( Hippocampus Spp ) have also inspired many people to make artistic object, article, poem, company logo or organizational mascot. Spreading of sea-horse enough wide [of], but because its [his/its] famous in berkamuflase, seahorse oftentimes [do] not seen. Sea-Horse can alter husk pattern and colour accomodate environment and also make a move tardy so that almost [do] not detect " opponent". Some sea-horse species have part of transparent body so that [do] not seen in photo and need more brooding perception to be able to see